1 files changed, 826 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/gfx2d.c b/src/gfx2d.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f609c98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gfx2d.c
@@ -0,0 +1,826 @@
+#include <isogfx/gfx2d.h>
+
+#include <isogfx/asset.h>
+
+#include <filesystem.h>
+#include <memstack.h>
+#include <path.h>
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/// Maximum path length.
+#define MAX_PATH 256
+
+/// Default animation speed.
+#define ANIMATION_FPS 10
+
+/// Time between animation updates.
+#define ANIMATION_UPDATE_DELTA (1.0 / ANIMATION_FPS)
+
+typedef struct ivec2 {
+  int x, y;
+} ivec2;
+
+typedef struct vec2 {
+  double x, y;
+} vec2;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Renderer state.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct IsoCoordSystem {
+  ivec2 o; // Origin.
+  ivec2 x;
+  ivec2 y;
+} IsoCoordSystem;
+
+typedef struct Screen {
+  int    width;
+  int    height;
+  Pixel* pixels;
+} Screen;
+
+typedef struct SpriteInstance {
+  struct SpriteInstance* next;
+  const Ss_SpriteSheet*  sheet;
+  ivec2                  position;
+  int                    animation; // Current animation.
+  int                    frame;     // Current frame of animation.
+} SpriteInstance;
+
+typedef struct Gfx2d {
+  Screen          screen;
+  IsoCoordSystem  iso_space;
+  ivec2           camera;
+  double          last_animation_time;
+  Tile            next_tile; // For procedurally-generated tiles.
+  Tm_Map*         map;
+  Ts_TileSet*     tileset;
+  SpriteInstance* head_sprite; // Head of sprites list.
+  memstack        stack;
+  size_t          watermark;
+} Gfx2d;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Math and world / tile / screen access.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static inline ivec2 ivec2_add(ivec2 a, ivec2 b) {
+  return (ivec2){.x = a.x + b.x, .y = a.y + b.y};
+}
+
+static inline ivec2 ivec2_scale(ivec2 a, int s) {
+  return (ivec2){.x = a.x * s, .y = a.y * s};
+}
+
+static inline ivec2 ivec2_neg(ivec2 a) { return (ivec2){.x = -a.x, .y = -a.y}; }
+
+static inline vec2 vec2_add(vec2 a, vec2 b) {
+  return (vec2){.x = a.x + b.x, .y = a.y + b.y};
+}
+
+static inline vec2 ivec2_to_vec2(ivec2 a) { return (vec2){a.x, a.y}; }
+
+/// Map map coordinates to screen coordinates, both Cartesian.
+static ivec2 map2screen(
+    ivec2 camera, int tile_width, int tile_height, int map_x, int map_y) {
+  return ivec2_add(
+      ivec2_neg(camera),
+      (ivec2){.x = map_x * tile_width, .y = map_y * tile_height});
+}
+
+// Not actually used because we pre-compute the two axis vectors instead.
+// See make_iso_coord_system() and the other definition of iso2cart() below.
+// static inline ivec2 iso2cart(ivec2 iso, int s, int t, int w) {
+//   return (ivec2){.x = (iso.x - iso.y) * (s / 2) + (w / 2),
+//                  .y = (iso.x + iso.y) * (t / 2)};
+// }
+
+/// Create the basis for the isometric coordinate system with origin and vectors
+/// expressed in the Cartesian system.
+static IsoCoordSystem make_iso_coord_system(
+    const Tm_Map* const map, const Screen* const screen) {
+  assert(map);
+  assert(screen);
+  const ivec2 o = {screen->width / 2, 0};
+  const ivec2 x = {
+      .x = map->base_tile_width / 2, .y = map->base_tile_height / 2};
+  const ivec2 y = {
+      .x = -map->base_tile_width / 2, .y = map->base_tile_height / 2};
+  return (IsoCoordSystem){o, x, y};
+}
+
+/// Map isometric coordinates to Cartesian coordinates.
+///
+/// For a tile, this gets the screen position of the top diamond-corner of the
+/// tile.
+///
+/// Takes the camera displacement into account.
+static ivec2 iso2cart(
+    const IsoCoordSystem iso_space, ivec2 camera, int iso_x, int iso_y) {
+  const ivec2 vx_offset = ivec2_scale(iso_space.x, iso_x);
+  const ivec2 vy_offset = ivec2_scale(iso_space.y, iso_y);
+  const ivec2 origin_world_space =
+      ivec2_add(iso_space.o, ivec2_add(vx_offset, vy_offset));
+  const ivec2 origin_view_space =
+      ivec2_add(origin_world_space, ivec2_neg(camera));
+  return origin_view_space;
+}
+
+// Method 1.
+// static inline vec2 cart2iso(vec2 cart, int s, int t, int w) {
+//  const double x    = cart.x - (double)(w / 2);
+//  const double xiso = (x * t + cart.y * s) / (double)(s * t);
+//  return (vec2){
+//      .x = (int)(xiso), .y = (int)((2.0 / (double)t) * cart.y - xiso)};
+//}
+
+// Method 2.
+static inline vec2 cart2iso(vec2 cart, int s, int t, int w) {
+  const double one_over_s = 1. / (double)s;
+  const double one_over_t = 1. / (double)t;
+  const double x          = cart.x - (double)(w / 2);
+  return (vec2){.x = (one_over_s * x + one_over_t * cart.y),
+                .y = (-one_over_s * x + one_over_t * cart.y)};
+}
+
+static inline const Pixel* screen_xy_const_ref(
+    const Screen* screen, int x, int y) {
+  assert(screen);
+  assert(x >= 0);
+  assert(y >= 0);
+  assert(x < screen->width);
+  assert(y < screen->height);
+  return &screen->pixels[y * screen->width + x];
+}
+
+static inline Pixel screen_xy(Screen* screen, int x, int y) {
+  return *screen_xy_const_ref(screen, x, y);
+}
+
+static inline Pixel* screen_xy_mut(Screen* screen, int x, int y) {
+  return (Pixel*)screen_xy_const_ref(screen, x, y);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Renderer, world and tile management.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Gfx2d* gfx2d_new(const Gfx2dDesc* desc) {
+  assert(desc->screen_width > 0);
+  assert(desc->screen_height > 0);
+  // Part of our implementation assumes even widths and heights for precision.
+  assert((desc->screen_width & 1) == 0);
+  assert((desc->screen_height & 1) == 0);
+
+  Gfx2d tmp = {0};
+  if (!memstack_make(&tmp.stack, desc->memory_size, desc->memory)) {
+    goto cleanup;
+  }
+  Gfx2d* gfx =
+      memstack_alloc_aligned(&tmp.stack, sizeof(Gfx2d), alignof(Gfx2d));
+  *gfx = tmp;
+
+  const size_t screen_size_bytes =
+      desc->screen_width * desc->screen_height * sizeof(Pixel);
+  Pixel* screen =
+      memstack_alloc_aligned(&gfx->stack, screen_size_bytes, alignof(Pixel));
+
+  gfx->screen = (Screen){.width  = desc->screen_width,
+                         .height = desc->screen_height,
+                         .pixels = screen};
+
+  gfx->last_animation_time = 0.0;
+  gfx->watermark           = memstack_watermark(&gfx->stack);
+
+  return gfx;
+
+cleanup:
+  gfx2d_del(&gfx);
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void gfx2d_clear(Gfx2d* gfx) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  gfx->last_animation_time = 0.0;
+  gfx->next_tile           = 0;
+  gfx->map                 = nullptr;
+  gfx->tileset             = nullptr;
+  gfx->head_sprite         = nullptr;
+  // The base of the stack contains the Gfx2d and the screen buffer. Make sure
+  // we don't clear them.
+  memstack_set_watermark(&gfx->stack, gfx->watermark);
+}
+
+void gfx2d_del(Gfx2d** ppGfx) {
+  assert(ppGfx);
+  Gfx2d* gfx = *ppGfx;
+  if (gfx) {
+    memstack_del(&gfx->stack);
+    *ppGfx = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+void gfx2d_make_map(Gfx2d* gfx, const MapDesc* desc) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(desc);
+  assert(desc->tile_width > 0);
+  assert(desc->tile_height > 0);
+  // Part of our implementation assumes even widths and heights for greater
+  // precision.
+  assert((desc->tile_width & 1) == 0);
+  assert((desc->tile_height & 1) == 0);
+  // World must be non-empty.
+  assert(desc->world_width > 0);
+  assert(desc->world_height > 0);
+  // Must have >0 tiles.
+  assert(desc->num_tiles > 0);
+
+  // Handle recreation by destroying the previous world and sprites.
+  gfx2d_clear(gfx);
+
+  const int    world_size     = desc->world_width * desc->world_height;
+  const size_t map_size_bytes = sizeof(Tm_Map) + (world_size * sizeof(Tile));
+
+  // This implies that all tiles are of the base tile dimensions.
+  // We could enhance the API to allow for supertiles as well. Take in max tile
+  // width and height and allocate enough space using those values.
+  const size_t tile_size            = desc->tile_width * desc->tile_height;
+  const size_t tile_size_bytes      = tile_size * sizeof(Pixel);
+  const size_t tile_data_size_bytes = desc->num_tiles * tile_size_bytes;
+  const size_t tileset_size_bytes   = sizeof(Ts_TileSet) +
+                                    (desc->num_tiles * sizeof(Ts_Tile)) +
+                                    tile_data_size_bytes;
+
+  gfx->map  = memstack_alloc_aligned(&gfx->stack, map_size_bytes, 4);
+  *gfx->map = (Tm_Map){
+      .world_width      = desc->world_width,
+      .world_height     = desc->world_height,
+      .base_tile_width  = desc->tile_width,
+      .base_tile_height = desc->tile_height,
+      .num_layers       = 1,
+      .flags =
+          (desc->orientation == MapOrthogonal) ? Tm_Orthogonal : Tm_Isometric,
+  };
+
+  gfx->tileset  = memstack_alloc_aligned(&gfx->stack, tileset_size_bytes, 4);
+  *gfx->tileset = (Ts_TileSet){
+      .num_tiles = desc->num_tiles,
+  };
+
+  gfx->iso_space = make_iso_coord_system(gfx->map, &gfx->screen);
+}
+
+bool gfx2d_load_map(Gfx2d* gfx, const char* filepath) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(filepath);
+
+  bool success = false;
+
+  // Handle recreation by destroying the previous world and sprites.
+  gfx2d_clear(gfx);
+
+  // Load the map.
+  printf("Load tile map: %s\n", filepath);
+  WITH_FILE(filepath, {
+    const size_t map_size = get_file_size_f(file);
+    gfx->map              = memstack_alloc_aligned(&gfx->stack, map_size, 4);
+    success               = read_file_f(file, gfx->map);
+  });
+  if (!success) {
+    goto cleanup;
+  }
+  Tm_Map* const map = gfx->map;
+
+  printf("Map orientation: %d\n", ((Tm_Flags*)&map->flags)->orientation);
+
+  // Load the tile set.
+  //
+  // Tile set path is relative to the tile map file. Make it relative to the
+  // current working directory before loading.
+  const char* ts_path               = map->tileset_path;
+  char        ts_path_cwd[MAX_PATH] = {0};
+  if (!path_make_relative(filepath, ts_path, ts_path_cwd, MAX_PATH)) {
+    goto cleanup;
+  }
+  printf("Load tile set: %s\n", ts_path_cwd);
+  WITH_FILE(ts_path_cwd, {
+    const size_t file_size = get_file_size_f(file);
+    gfx->tileset           = memstack_alloc_aligned(&gfx->stack, file_size, 4);
+    success                = read_file_f(file, gfx->tileset);
+  });
+  if (!success) {
+    // TODO: Log errors using the log library.
+    goto cleanup;
+  }
+  const Ts_TileSet* const tileset = gfx->tileset;
+  printf("Loaded tile set (%u tiles): %s\n", tileset->num_tiles, ts_path_cwd);
+
+  // TODO: These assertions on input data should be library runtime errors.
+  assert(ts_validate_tileset(tileset));
+  assert(tm_validate_map(map, tileset));
+
+  gfx->iso_space = make_iso_coord_system(gfx->map, &gfx->screen);
+
+  success = true;
+
+cleanup:
+  if (!success) {
+    gfx2d_clear(gfx);
+  }
+  return success;
+}
+
+int gfx2d_world_width(const Gfx2d* gfx) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  return gfx->map->world_width;
+}
+
+int gfx2d_world_height(const Gfx2d* gfx) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  return gfx->map->world_height;
+}
+
+static void make_tile_from_colour(
+    Pixel colour, const Ts_Tile* tile, Pixel* tile_pixels) {
+  assert(tile);
+  assert(tile_pixels);
+
+  const int width  = tile->width;
+  const int height = tile->height;
+  const int r      = width / height;
+  for (int y = 0; y < height / 2; ++y) {
+    const int mask_start = width / 2 - r * y - 1;
+    const int mask_end   = width / 2 + r * y + 1;
+    for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
+      const bool  mask = (mask_start <= x) && (x <= mask_end);
+      const Pixel val = mask ? colour : (Pixel){.r = 0, .g = 0, .b = 0, .a = 0};
+
+      // Top half.
+      *ts_tile_xy_mut(tile_pixels, tile, x, y) = val;
+
+      // Bottom half reflects the top half.
+      const int y_reflected                              = height - y - 1;
+      *ts_tile_xy_mut(tile_pixels, tile, x, y_reflected) = val;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Tile gfx2d_make_tile(Gfx2d* gfx, const TileDesc* desc) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(desc);
+  // Client must create a world first.
+  assert(gfx->map);
+  assert(gfx->tileset);
+  // Currently, procedural tiles must match the base tile size.
+  assert(desc->width == gfx->map->base_tile_width);
+  assert(desc->height == gfx->map->base_tile_height);
+  // Cannot exceed max tiles.
+  assert(gfx->next_tile < gfx->tileset->num_tiles);
+
+  const Tile tile = gfx->next_tile++;
+
+  const size_t tile_size_bytes = desc->width * desc->height * sizeof(Pixel);
+
+  switch (desc->type) {
+  case TileFromColour: {
+    assert(desc->width > 0);
+    assert(desc->height > 0);
+
+    Ts_Tile* const ts_tile = ts_tileset_get_tile_mut(gfx->tileset, tile);
+
+    *ts_tile = (Ts_Tile){
+        .width  = gfx->map->base_tile_width,
+        .height = gfx->map->base_tile_height,
+        .pixels = tile * tile_size_bytes,
+    };
+
+    Pixel* const tile_pixels =
+        ts_tileset_get_tile_pixels_mut(gfx->tileset, tile);
+    make_tile_from_colour(desc->colour, ts_tile, tile_pixels);
+    break;
+  }
+  case TileFromFile:
+    assert(false); // TODO
+    break;
+  case TileFromMemory: {
+    assert(desc->width > 0);
+    assert(desc->height > 0);
+    assert(false); // TODO
+    break;
+  }
+  }
+
+  return tile;
+}
+
+void gfx2d_set_tile(Gfx2d* gfx, int x, int y, Tile tile) {
+  assert(gfx);
+
+  Tm_Layer* const layer    = tm_map_get_layer_mut(gfx->map, 0);
+  Tile*           map_tile = tm_layer_get_tile_mut(gfx->map, layer, x, y);
+
+  *map_tile = tile;
+}
+
+void gfx2d_set_tiles(Gfx2d* gfx, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1, Tile tile) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  for (int y = y0; y < y1; ++y) {
+    for (int x = x0; x < x1; ++x) {
+      gfx2d_set_tile(gfx, x, y, tile);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+SpriteSheet gfx2d_load_sprite_sheet(Gfx2d* gfx, const char* filepath) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(filepath);
+
+  bool         success     = false;
+  SpriteSheet  spriteSheet = 0;
+  const size_t watermark   = memstack_watermark(&gfx->stack);
+
+  // Load sprite sheet file.
+  printf("Load sprite sheet: %s\n", filepath);
+  Ss_SpriteSheet* ss_sheet = nullptr;
+  WITH_FILE(filepath, {
+    const size_t file_size = get_file_size_f(file);
+    ss_sheet =
+        memstack_alloc_aligned(&gfx->stack, file_size, alignof(Ss_SpriteSheet));
+    success = read_file_f(file, ss_sheet);
+  });
+  if (!success) {
+    goto cleanup;
+  }
+  assert(ss_sheet);
+
+  spriteSheet = (SpriteSheet)ss_sheet;
+
+cleanup:
+  if (!success) {
+    if (ss_sheet) {
+      memstack_set_watermark(&gfx->stack, watermark);
+    }
+  }
+  return spriteSheet;
+}
+
+Sprite gfx2d_make_sprite(Gfx2d* gfx, SpriteSheet sheet) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(sheet);
+
+  // TODO: Remove memstack_alloc() and replace it with a same-name macro that
+  //  calls memstack_alloc_aligned() with sizeof/alignof. No real point in
+  //  having unaligned allocations.
+  SpriteInstance* sprite = memstack_alloc_aligned(
+      &gfx->stack, sizeof(SpriteInstance), alignof(SpriteInstance));
+
+  sprite->sheet    = (const Ss_SpriteSheet*)sheet;
+  sprite->next     = gfx->head_sprite;
+  gfx->head_sprite = sprite;
+
+  return (Sprite)sprite;
+}
+
+void gfx2d_set_sprite_position(Gfx2d* gfx, Sprite hSprite, int x, int y) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  SpriteInstance* sprite = (SpriteInstance*)hSprite;
+  sprite->position.x     = x;
+  sprite->position.y     = y;
+}
+
+void gfx2d_set_sprite_animation(Gfx2d* gfx, Sprite hSprite, int animation) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  SpriteInstance* sprite = (SpriteInstance*)hSprite;
+  sprite->animation      = animation;
+}
+
+void gfx2d_update(Gfx2d* gfx, double t) {
+  assert(gfx);
+
+  // If this is the first time update() is called after initialization, just
+  // record the starting animation time.
+  if (gfx->last_animation_time == 0.0) {
+    gfx->last_animation_time = t;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if ((t - gfx->last_animation_time) >= ANIMATION_UPDATE_DELTA) {
+    // TODO: Consider linking animated sprites in a separate list so that we
+    //  only walk over those here and not also the static sprites.
+    for (SpriteInstance* sprite = gfx->head_sprite; sprite;
+         sprite                 = sprite->next) {
+      const Ss_SpriteSheet* sheet = sprite->sheet;
+      const Ss_Row* row = ss_get_sprite_sheet_row(sheet, sprite->animation);
+      sprite->frame     = (sprite->frame + 1) % row->num_cols;
+    }
+
+    gfx->last_animation_time = t;
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Rendering and picking.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static Pixel alpha_blend(Pixel src, Pixel dst) {
+  if ((src.a == 255) || (dst.a == 0)) {
+    return src;
+  }
+  const uint16_t one_minus_alpha = 255 - src.a;
+#define blend(s, d)                             \
+  (Channel)(                                    \
+      (double)((uint16_t)s * (uint16_t)src.a +  \
+               (uint16_t)d * one_minus_alpha) / \
+      255.0)
+  return (Pixel){.r = blend(src.r, dst.r),
+                 .g = blend(src.g, dst.g),
+                 .b = blend(src.b, dst.b),
+                 .a = src.a};
+}
+
+/// Draw a rectangle (tile or sprite).
+///
+/// The rectangle's top-left corner is mapped to the screen space position given
+/// by 'top_left'.
+///
+/// The rectangle's pixels are assumed to be arranged in a linear, row-major
+/// fashion.
+///
+/// If indices are given, then the image is assumed to be colour-paletted, where
+/// 'pixels' is the palette and 'indices' the pixel indices. Otherwise, the
+/// image is assumed to be in plain RGBA format.
+static void draw_rect(
+    Screen* screen, ivec2 top_left, int rect_width, int rect_height,
+    const Pixel* pixels, const uint8_t* indices) {
+  assert(screen);
+  assert(pixels);
+
+#define rect_pixel(X, Y) \
+  (indices ? pixels[indices[Y * rect_width + X]] : pixels[Y * rect_width + X])
+
+  // Rect origin can be outside screen bounds, so we must offset accordingly to
+  // draw only the visible portion.
+#define max(a, b) (a > b ? a : b)
+  const int px_offset = max(0, -top_left.x);
+  const int py_offset = max(0, -top_left.y);
+
+  // Rect can exceed screen bounds, so clip along Y and X as we draw.
+  for (int py = py_offset;
+       (py < rect_height) && (top_left.y + py < screen->height); ++py) {
+    const int sy = top_left.y + py;
+    for (int px = px_offset;
+         (px < rect_width) && (top_left.x + px < screen->width); ++px) {
+      const Pixel colour = rect_pixel(px, py);
+      if (colour.a > 0) {
+        const int   sx                 = top_left.x + px;
+        const Pixel dst                = screen_xy(screen, sx, sy);
+        const Pixel final              = alpha_blend(colour, dst);
+        *screen_xy_mut(screen, sx, sy) = final;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// Draw a tile in an orthogonal map.
+static void draw_tile_ortho(Gfx2d* gfx, Tile tile, int x, int y) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(gfx->tileset);
+  assert(x >= 0);
+  assert(y >= 0);
+  assert(x < gfx->map->world_width);
+  assert(y < gfx->map->world_height);
+
+  const Ts_Tile* pTile  = ts_tileset_get_tile(gfx->tileset, tile);
+  const Pixel*   pixels = ts_tileset_get_tile_pixels(gfx->tileset, tile);
+
+  const ivec2 screen_origin = map2screen(
+      gfx->camera, gfx->map->base_tile_width, gfx->map->base_tile_height, x, y);
+
+  draw_rect(
+      &gfx->screen, screen_origin, pTile->width, pTile->height, pixels,
+      nullptr);
+}
+
+/// Draw a tile in an isometric map.
+static void draw_tile_iso(Gfx2d* gfx, Tile tile, int iso_x, int iso_y) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(gfx->tileset);
+  assert(iso_x >= 0);
+  assert(iso_y >= 0);
+  assert(iso_x < gfx->map->world_width);
+  assert(iso_y < gfx->map->world_height);
+
+  const Ts_Tile* pTile  = ts_tileset_get_tile(gfx->tileset, tile);
+  const Pixel*   pixels = ts_tileset_get_tile_pixels(gfx->tileset, tile);
+
+  // Compute the screen coordinates of the top diamond-corner of the tile (the
+  // base tile for super tiles).
+  //   World (0, 0) -> (screen_width / 2, 0).
+  const ivec2 screen_origin =
+      iso2cart(gfx->iso_space, gfx->camera, iso_x, iso_y);
+
+  // Move from the top diamond-corner to the top-left corner of the tile image.
+  // For regular tiles, tile height == base tile height, so the y offset is 0.
+  // For super tiles, move as high up as the height of the tile.
+  const ivec2 offset = {
+      -(gfx->map->base_tile_width / 2),
+      pTile->height - gfx->map->base_tile_height};
+  const ivec2 top_left = ivec2_add(screen_origin, offset);
+
+  draw_rect(
+      &gfx->screen, top_left, pTile->width, pTile->height, pixels, nullptr);
+}
+
+static void draw_map_ortho(Gfx2d* gfx) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(gfx->map);
+
+  // TODO: Same TODOs as in draw_map_iso().
+
+  const Tm_Layer* layer = tm_map_get_layer(gfx->map, 0);
+
+  for (int wy = 0; wy < gfx->map->world_height; ++wy) {
+    for (int wx = 0; wx < gfx->map->world_width; ++wx) {
+      const Tile tile = tm_layer_get_tile(gfx->map, layer, wx, wy);
+      draw_tile_ortho(gfx, tile, wx, wy);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void draw_map_iso(Gfx2d* gfx) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(gfx->map);
+
+  // TODO: Support for multiple layers.
+  const Tm_Layer* layer = tm_map_get_layer(gfx->map, 0);
+
+  // TODO: Culling.
+  //  Ex: map the screen corners to tile space to cull.
+  //  Ex: walk in screen space and fetch the tile.
+  //  The tile-centric approach might be more cache-friendly since the
+  //  screen-centric approach would juggle multiple tiles throughout the scan.
+  for (int wy = 0; wy < gfx->map->world_height; ++wy) {
+    for (int wx = 0; wx < gfx->map->world_width; ++wx) {
+      const Tile tile = tm_layer_get_tile(gfx->map, layer, wx, wy);
+      draw_tile_iso(gfx, tile, wx, wy);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void draw_map(Gfx2d* gfx) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(gfx->map);
+  assert(gfx->screen.pixels);
+
+  const int W = gfx->screen.width;
+  const int H = gfx->screen.height;
+
+  memset(gfx->screen.pixels, 0, W * H * sizeof(Pixel));
+
+  const Tm_Flags* flags = (const Tm_Flags*)&gfx->map->flags;
+  switch (flags->orientation) {
+  case Tm_Orthogonal:
+    draw_map_ortho(gfx);
+    break;
+  case Tm_Isometric:
+    draw_map_iso(gfx);
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Draw a sprite in an orthogonal/Cartesian coordinate system.
+static void draw_sprite_ortho(
+    Gfx2d* gfx, const SpriteInstance* sprite, const Ss_SpriteSheet* sheet) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(sprite);
+  assert(sheet);
+  assert(sprite->animation >= 0);
+  assert(sprite->animation < sheet->num_rows);
+  assert(sprite->frame >= 0);
+
+  // Apply an offset similarly to how we offset tiles. The sprite is offset by
+  // -base_tile_width/2 along the x-axis to align the sprite with the leftmost
+  // edge of the tile it is on.
+  const ivec2 screen_origin = map2screen(
+      gfx->camera, gfx->map->base_tile_width, gfx->map->base_tile_height,
+      sprite->position.x, sprite->position.y);
+
+  const Ss_Row*  row   = ss_get_sprite_sheet_row(sheet, sprite->animation);
+  const uint8_t* frame = ss_get_sprite_sheet_sprite(sheet, row, sprite->frame);
+  draw_rect(
+      &gfx->screen, screen_origin, sheet->sprite_width, sheet->sprite_height,
+      sheet->palette.colours, frame);
+}
+
+/// Draw a sprite in an isometric coordinate system.
+static void draw_sprite_iso(
+    Gfx2d* gfx, const SpriteInstance* sprite, const Ss_SpriteSheet* sheet) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(sprite);
+  assert(sheet);
+  assert(sprite->animation >= 0);
+  assert(sprite->animation < sheet->num_rows);
+  assert(sprite->frame >= 0);
+
+  // Apply an offset similarly to how we offset tiles. The sprite is offset by
+  // -base_tile_width/2 along the x-axis to align the sprite with the leftmost
+  // edge of the tile it is on.
+  const ivec2 screen_origin = iso2cart(
+      gfx->iso_space, gfx->camera, sprite->position.x, sprite->position.y);
+  const ivec2 offset   = {-(gfx->map->base_tile_width / 2), 0};
+  const ivec2 top_left = ivec2_add(screen_origin, offset);
+
+  const Ss_Row*  row   = ss_get_sprite_sheet_row(sheet, sprite->animation);
+  const uint8_t* frame = ss_get_sprite_sheet_sprite(sheet, row, sprite->frame);
+  draw_rect(
+      &gfx->screen, top_left, sheet->sprite_width, sheet->sprite_height,
+      sheet->palette.colours, frame);
+}
+
+static void draw_sprites(Gfx2d* gfx) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(gfx->map);
+
+  const Tm_Flags* flags = (const Tm_Flags*)&gfx->map->flags;
+  switch (flags->orientation) {
+  case Tm_Orthogonal:
+    for (const SpriteInstance* sprite = gfx->head_sprite; sprite;
+         sprite                       = sprite->next) {
+      draw_sprite_ortho(gfx, sprite, sprite->sheet);
+    }
+    break;
+  case Tm_Isometric:
+    for (const SpriteInstance* sprite = gfx->head_sprite; sprite;
+         sprite                       = sprite->next) {
+      draw_sprite_iso(gfx, sprite, sprite->sheet);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+void gfx2d_set_camera(Gfx2d* gfx, int x, int y) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  gfx->camera = (ivec2){x, y};
+}
+
+void gfx2d_render(Gfx2d* gfx) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  draw_map(gfx);
+  draw_sprites(gfx);
+}
+
+void gfx2d_draw_tile(Gfx2d* gfx, int x, int y, Tile tile) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(gfx->map);
+
+  const Tm_Flags* flags = (const Tm_Flags*)&gfx->map->flags;
+  switch (flags->orientation) {
+  case Tm_Orthogonal:
+    draw_tile_ortho(gfx, tile, x, y);
+    break;
+  case Tm_Isometric:
+    draw_tile_iso(gfx, tile, x, y);
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+void gfx2d_get_screen_size(const Gfx2d* gfx, int* width, int* height) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(width);
+  assert(height);
+  *width  = gfx->screen.width;
+  *height = gfx->screen.height;
+}
+
+const Pixel* gfx2d_get_screen_buffer(const Gfx2d* gfx) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  return gfx->screen.pixels;
+}
+
+void gfx2d_pick_tile(
+    const Gfx2d* gfx, double xcart, double ycart, int* xiso, int* yiso) {
+  assert(gfx);
+  assert(xiso);
+  assert(yiso);
+
+  const vec2 camera  = ivec2_to_vec2(gfx->camera);
+  const vec2 xy_cart = vec2_add(camera, (vec2){xcart, ycart});
+
+  const vec2 xy_iso = cart2iso(
+      xy_cart, gfx->map->base_tile_width, gfx->map->base_tile_height,
+      gfx->screen.width);
+
+  if ((0 <= xy_iso.x) && (xy_iso.x < gfx->map->world_width) &&
+      (0 <= xy_iso.y) && (xy_iso.y < gfx->map->world_height)) {
+    *xiso = (int)xy_iso.x;
+    *yiso = (int)xy_iso.y;
+  } else {
+    *xiso = -1;
+    *yiso = -1;
+  }
+}